On average, the time from project initiation to product launch is almost 12 years. The chance for a phase I compound to reach phase II is on average 46 per cent. Once phase II has been successfully completed the chance for reaching the market is around 60 per cent. If the costs of all failures are included, the cost for bringing a compound to the market is in the range of USD 500 million to USD 2 billion. The range relates to different classes of compounds.